Environmental
AFRICAN NATIONS LACK THE WHEREWITHAL TO TACKLE THE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES.
■ The industrialised nations are the major culprits of climate change while the developing nations are the sufferers.
■ African nations are entitled to “Debt for climate swaps where bilateral or multilateral debt is forgiven by creditors in exchange for a commitment by the debtor to use the outstanding debt service payments for national climate action programmes”.
■ The DG of Nigeria Metrological Agency (NIMET) said the agency has recorded 95% precision and accuracy of weather predictions in the last 15 years.
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GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS
Keeping the global average temperature rise within 1.5°C . Is the most important agenda in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.(UNFCCC) Which had its 27th Conference of Parties “COP27” in November 2022 in Sharm El- Sheikh, Egypt.
“We are on the highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator . The clock is ticking .We are in the fight for our lives and we are loosing. Greenhouse gas emissions keep growing , Global temperatures keep rising while the planet earth is fast approaching the tipping point”.-UN Secretary General Antonio Gutarres.
Against this background neither Nigeria nor other African countries has any definite position on climate change.
CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
The multiple ravaging effects of the extreme weather conditions are evidenced in the changing pattern in agricultural production due to carbon footprint, excessive climate induced flooding claiming hundreds of lives and properties with displacement of millions in its trails coupled with extreme temperatures from arctic to the equator, melting the iceberg, excessive sand dust storm, drought, desertification amongst others due to global warming. But unlike the developing countries developed countries have finances and technology to cope with the consequences of the various rages. The developed nations are the major culprit and main cause of the climate change.
ADAPTATION AND REPARATION FOR IMPACT
In ameliorating the devastation, the African nations are advocating for reduction of debt burden for developing countries “debt for climate swap” – debt swap where bilateral or multilateral debt is forgiven by the creditor nations in exchange for commitment by the debtors to use the outstanding debt service payment for national climate action programmes.
The former President of Nigeria charged the “Governments of developed nations for having repeatedly failed to meet their commitments to the $100billion fund for climate adaptation and mitigation in the developing world- for the mess caused by their industries. It was his views that Africa didn’t cause the climate change but the developed nations.
However, the mitigation and adaptations of climate change must intensify for making adjustment for economic, social and ecological system to cope with adaptation of the climate action and reparations for impacts that are difficult to adapt to for vulnerable countries like Nigeria, known as ‘loss and damage’ It is more productive to enunciate concrete actions, this should be Africa’s position.
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET )
In Nigeria, there is need for MDAs to adhere to NIMET’s predictions in order to mitigate the impact of flooding and extreme temperatures. However, it’s noted that poor response remains the factor leading to devastating consequences.
●The Director General of NIMET Prof. Mansur Matazu said the agency had recorded 95% precision and accuracy of weather predictions in the last 15years.–which is by far above the acceptable minimum standard of 60% of the World Metrological Oganisation( WMO ).
■ At WufasAgronet, to be more proactive in checkmating the devastating effects of flooding , we recommend errection of earth dams for storing water captured / collections on the flood plains during the raining seasons.
At WufasAgronet, we are Competent and Reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy.
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Excess water from LAGDO DAM in the neighboring Cameroon coupled with the unusual rainfall pattern may soon cause havoc in Nigeria. As it happens, the horrendous occurrence will promptly elicit Crocodile tears from various concerned authorities in government circles. Threatening fire and brimstone against perpetrators that exacerbated the damage. But sadly enough as soon as the water recede to make for normal life again it all becomes life as usual.
SOLUTION
Investigation revealed that Cameroon and Nigeria were supposed to build two Dams on river Benue, at the Nigeria end was to be called DASIN HAUSA DAM in Adamawa which was supposed to be two and half the size of LAGDO dam to contain excess spill waters for irrigation and electricity. However, the uncontrolled large body of water had caused unprecedented damage on properties, farmland and lives along the flood plain killing many.
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology. Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com…. @WufasAgronet we are Food Security (Processing) Advocates.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FLOODING: WATER HARVESTING .
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✔️The Federal Government of “PBAT” had ordered the Integrity tests on Alua dam and other dams in Nigeria to upgrade and update necessary deficiencies .
✔️Informed data shows that the Federal Republic of Nigeria lies between latitude 40 10′ and 130 50′ North and longitude 20 15’and 140 45′ East, occupying an area of approximately 923,770km2 with irrigable areas of about 624,408ha, in public and private sectors there is abundant land for the practice of irrigated agriculture but it is yet to cultivate 50% of available land for irrigation, only about 35% of the irrigable land is under irrigation cultivation despite the abundance of land and human resources.
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CLIMATE CHANGE INDUSED FLOODING.
Excessive flooding is being experienced in the northern part of the country where drought is mostly predominant places like Maiduguri, kaduna, Kano, Kebbi etc are currently (20th Sept.’24) the epicenter of flooding.
WATER HARVESTING.
Having enough dams for various purposes particularly in the areas of Portable water, Irrigation, Electricity, Water transportation, Fishing and other usages are very essential for the development of the country. However, despite the avalanche of the water resources in the country principal of which are Rivers Niger and Benue, Lake Chad basin water amongst others the benefits of these natural resources are yet to be fully tapped into for national development.
GEOPOLITICAL SPREAD
With a population of >200 million and many dams, Nigeria isn’t maximizing the benefits for national development as evident in the incessant flooding, droughts related issues in agricultural production amongst others. With about 22 large and medium dams, about 18 form the headworks of the Public Irrigation sector Schemes while Kainji, Jebba and Shiroro are mainly for electric generation. The geographical spread of the dams are:
North West with Bakolori in Zamfara state, Goronye in Sokoto state , Jibiya in Katsina state, Kubli and Zobe in Katsina State. Others are Tiga, Ruwan Kanya, Hadejia Barrage, Challawa Gorge.
NORTH CENTRAL
-Niger State with Shiroro dam, Tungan kwo swashiin
-Kwara State we have PHCN having Kainji and Jebba. Others are Cham, Dadin kowa and Kiri all in Kano State.
-South South is Obudu.
-South West we have Oyan in Ogun State .
STATUS
The dams are well over 30yrs old and are all under utilized and maintained judging by the recent flooding experience in Maiduguri, the FG set up a commitee to conduct integrity test on Alau dam and other dams in the country.
The dams are not sufficiently utilized for various deployment as stated above.
SURFACE IRRIGATION TO MACRO-DRIP IRRIGATION METHODS
Presently the world has shifted from surface irrigation to Sprinkler, drip, or macro-drip irrigation methods. This type of irrigation requires technical skills to be efficient and consume less water.
Currently, the surface water is being depleted every day due to Climate change ditto to the ground water of boreholes every where. Hence the need to find efficient new irrigation methods.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
The prevailing climate regime will have to be studied seriously and carefully and communicated to the farmers throughout the country, as flooding has continued to occur where it has never occurred before as a result of the climate change. Especially as it occurred in Maiduguri (20th Sept.2024) when half of the metropolis was submarged in flood waters. This calls for Supplementary irrigation where farming can be done all year round to prevent droughts.
WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES
This involves designing or developing a shallow area or depression within a farm settlement such that excess water known as floodwaters is intercepted, captured or harvested and stored in the depression as mini reservoir to be used during dry periods or intermittently at a period of water scarcity.
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology. Contact email. wufasagronet@gmail.com
✔️Appropriate disposal of human waste in any community is an important aspect of governmental planning,in the area of provision of public toilets.
✔️Nigeria is ranked 2nd amongst countries practicing Open Defication globally.
✔️President Mohammed Buhari in Nov. 2018 launched National Campaigns towards Nigeria becoming Open Defication Free by 2025.
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In building a SUSTAINABLE and LIVABLE cities, the following factors are considered as vital.
-Eradication of Open Defecation
-Refuse Disposal
-Portable water
-Electricity
-Healthcare system
-Gas flaring from crude oil.
According to UNICEF (2017) over 46million people are estimated to be practicing Open DEFICATION in Nigeria, which has negative effect on the populace especially the children in the areas of Health,Economy, Social, security and education which has contributed to the country’s failure to meet the millenium development Goals target.
The sanitation situation prompted the National Council of Water Resources in 2014 to prioritize the development of roadmap towards eliminating Open DEFICATION in the country in line with global campaign for ending the practice.
The initiative tagged making Nigeria Open Defecation Free by 2025,toward this a national Road map was developed by Federal Ministry of water resources with invaluable support from UNICEF and other key sector players across the country.
CONCLUSION
Excretion of human waste is one of the natural factors of human activities
Appropriate and enough public toilets facilities must be provided in all corridors of the communities such as the marketplace, parks and other areas that attracts higher human activities.
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology. Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com
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