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Food Security

MAIZE — MORPHOLOGY , PRODUCTION & PROCESSING.

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……@WufasAgronet, we don’t know more than Food.

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MORPHOLOGY
— Maize is predominantly in the cereal group of Southern Nigeria. To some extent it is cultivated throughout Nigeria, it’s next only to guinea corn in degree of production. Maize is suitable to tropical conditions can adapt to even the extreme climatic conditions. It can be grown from sea level to a height of over 10, 000 ft
NUTRIENTS COMPOSITIONS
—- Carbohydrates –69.2%
—- Protein — 9.9%
—- Fats –4.4%
—– Ash — 1.3%
—– H2O 13.0%


Minerals and Vitamins are present in small amount from this value, Maize is richer than guinea corn or any other cereal (except Oats and Wheat)
The protein is relatively high its also high in carbohydrates Potassium, Chloride, Sodium, Sulphur etc. Its also richer in Ash(mineral matter ) and vitamins. The non starchy components ate concentrated in the germ which forms about 11% of the whole grain. (Proteins are concentrated in the regions ) Yellow and White variety are similar in composition but Yellow is richer in Carotene the precursor of Vitamins A (ie Pigment of Vit A ).Maize protein are relatively of poor quality.Zein and Alutelin are the protein on maize in about equal proportion. Zein has particularly low biological value since it’s deficient in lysine and anyptoplain which are indispensable to growth of the young .
The deficiencies of lysine and tryptophan limits the biological value of maize protein to about 60% (of the nutritive value ) . Cultivation of hybrid corn in the USA has resulted in the production of high yielding varieties which are also resistant to pest . High degree of starchness ,oil,protein and carotene .content have also been introduced into hybridisation.

OPTIMUM MAIZE PRODUCTION
Maize is undoubtedly the primary staple food in Africa . Any factor that influences maize yields is therefore of key concern to farmers. Extraneous factors such as weather patterns notwithstanding, it is important for maize farmers to pay attention to all the good standard practices needed for optimum production.
Firstly, the farmer needs to understand their agro ecological zone. This helps determine the climatic conditions ideal for maize production and informs correct hybrid seed choice. At this juncture, the farmer needs to understand the soil characteristics prevalent in their field. Maize is a nutrient intensive and requires adequate supplies of all nutrients for all growth stages. Fertile, well drained, well aerated and good textured soil is able to supply these nutrients. However, soil pH determines the availability of nutrients in the soil. pH is the level of acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Maize crops grow best at a soil pH of between 5.5 and 7.3, with pH 6.0–6.5 being optimal. In this range, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium are readily available. Nitrogen helps in establishment of healthy leaves, phosphorus for root formation, potassium for fruiting while secondary nutrients such as calcium and magnesium among others are critical for crop physiological functions. Soil testing helps establish the available nutrients and the remedial steps that need to be undertaken in case of deficiencies. Fertile soil should be well prepared for sowing. The correct tillage method ensures ample availability of all plant nutrients, water retention and reduced incidences of pests and diseases.

It is important for the farmer to prepare for sowing by selecting the correct seed. Indeed, good seed doesn’t cost, it pays. In the case of maize, “good seed” often equates to good hybrid seed. Commercially acquired certified seeds are as a standard practice dressed with a fungicide and an insecticide to prevent diseases and insects respectively. A novel and growing practice is the further dressing with beneficial microorganisms such as Panoramix to ensure robust growth characterised by well-established root system. This improves nutrient and water use efficiency, resulting in a healthy resilient crop able to achieve higher yields. In addition, the correct sowing depth will ensure uniform emergence and good plant population.
During, sowing it is crucial to use the right nutrient sources which include organic manure and fertilizers. Organic manure should be applied few weeks before sowing. For better fertilizer efficiency, it is important to use the 4R principles, which are the four ‘rights’ of fertilizer management i.e. apply the right source of nutrient at the right rate, at the right time and in the right place. Maize also requires ‘booster nitrogen’ over the growing period. It is important to top dress after 25-30 days of sowing and do the final top dressing after 20-25 days of first top dressing.
It should be noted that the emergence, comes with other unwanted plants that compete with maize for nutrients. It is important to remove the unwanted plants by weeding regularly. If all these steps are followed, and the weather patterns are favourable, then the farmer is guaranteed of a bumper harvest.How to get optimum Maize production

PROCESSING
Maize value chains are Food , Flour, Starch & Oils industrially maize could be processed into corn flour or flakes .
The starchy endosperm may be processed into Glucose, Dextrose also for both edible and laundry purposes. While the germ gives rise to maize oill. The variety of Indian maize can be used in making salad or cooking oil.
The silk of maize plant may be used as filters,husks for mattresses while the leaves is used for hay and silage for animal feeds.

PROCESS ENGINEERING.
Maize grains are conformed into COMMINUTION process which is a term for Size Reduction or increasing the surface area,. in Crushers or Grinders equipment.

—-COMPRESSION,– Used for coarse reduction of hard solid.

— IMPACT, —- Gives coarse medium or fine products.
—- ATTRITION Yields very fine products for non abrasive materials. and
—–Cutting gives definate particle size. The objectives of Crusher or Grinder is to produce smaller particles from lager ones thereby “increasing the surface area” of the grain .
—– The term Enzymatic SACCARIFICATION is used for the production of Glucose or Dextrose
—– Corn flakes are produced by IMPARTING boiled maize on rollers mills.
— Flour milling through Roller mills of determined clearance.
—– Livestock feeds, — Nigeria consumed about 60% of annual maize production for the ever increasing animal husbandry industries.

At WufasAgronet, we are Competent and Reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital Development Consultancy. Training the teeming youthful population in Ethics of Food Processing enhancing Global competitiveness and international best practices. We are Core Working Group CWG in the Nutritional thematic area. Contact us email: wufasagronet@gmail.com

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Food Security

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD DETERGENT

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CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD DETERGENT
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….. @WufasAgronet, we are Food Security (processing) Advocates.

✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK, IFAD, IDA, IMF, UNSDGs, USAID, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN Newspapers, Today Reporters, Ripples News etc TopFan Barges.
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DETERGENTS used for washing in industries should have the following characteristics.

-Ability to loosen organic matters eg. Soil etc. (organic dissolving power)

-Good rinsing power.
-Adequate wetting power to allow detergent to penetrate the deposit acting quickly and efficiently.
-Good sequestering power – removal of mineral deposits eg. Calcium, magnesium.
-Emulsifying power – fragmenting oil into tiny particles.
-Adequate germicidal power to sterilized dirty detergent solutions.
-Ability to dissolve alkali solutions precipitate of calcium and magnesium salt.
-It should not be corrosive.
-It should posses good buffering and saponifying powers.

The above characters may not be contained in a single detergent but if blended with others rich in some of the characters, a good result may be achieved.

MAJOR SOURCES OF DETERGENTS.
{Alkalis} – Caustic soda is the basic ingredient of detergent however,
there could be addition of other additives to give a property to the detergent. Other basic ingredients are Soda ash, Sodium silicate and others as seen above.

SEQUESTERING AGENT.
This is the action of polyphosphate in precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts in water creating additional wetting agent and polyphosphate to assist sequestration this would constitute most effective and economical clean-in-place detergent for brewing cleanings.

WETTING AGENT.
Known generally as synthetic detergent, Wetting agents are classified into 3 major types :An-ionic and Cat-ionic wetting agents.
The An-ionc type is commonly used for detergent formulation eg. Sulphated alcohols alkyl or aryl sulphonates. Non-ionic are mostly the polyethylonic oxide. On blending of both an ionic and catonic the result may be excessive foaming. It also processes good wetting, dispersing and rinsing power.

STERILISING AGENT.
Alkalis porcess sterilizing power, which increases with pH and temperature.

At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing. Contact us email :wufasagronet@gmail.comPls go through the earlier sent documents.

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Food Security

SEASONINGS. FLAVORS. FOOD INGREDIENTS.

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✔Contact us @WufasAgronet for wide range of integrated flavors and seasonings, we are Manufacturers’ Representative.

…. @WufasAgronet we are Food Security (Processing) Advocates.

✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK Group, UNSDGS, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN Newspapers, Today Reporters, Ripples News, etc TopFan Barges.
✅Member NAAJ, PAAJ, IFAJ & AFAN.
✅CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN HUMAN CAPITAL AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING.

✔FLAVORS
BAKERY & PASTRY FLAVORS
*Vanilla flavor
*Condensed milk flavor
*Butter scotch flavor
*Enzyme chocolate flavor
*Enzyme butter flour
*Milk flavor
*Coconut flavor

✔ CONFECTIONERY & CANDY FLAVORS
*Strawberry flavor
*Chocolate flavor
*Orange flavor
*Butter vanilla flavor
*Banana flavor
*Mango flavor
*Lemon flavor
*Milk flavor
*Vanilla flavor
*Apple flavor
*Mixed berry flavor
*Coconut flavor
*Caramel flavor
*Honeydew flavor
*Condensed milk flavor
*Peanut flavor
*Cheese flavor

✔BEVERAGE FLAVORS
*Apple flavor
*Coconut flavor
*Caramel flavor
*Mango flavor
*Lemon flavor
*Banana flavor
*Pineapple Flavor
*Orange flavor *Strawberry flavor
*Natural Ginger flavor
*Malta flavor
*Grape flavor
*Raspberry flavor

✔ENCAPSULATED FLAVORS
*Strawberry flavor
*Raspberry flavor
*Mixed Berry flavor
*Orange flavor
*Apple flavor
*Banana flavor

✔BEVERAGES (CONCENTRATES, COMPOUNDS, BASES AND EMULSIONS) :
*Pineapple
*Lemon
*Ginger
*Cola
*Black currant
*Orange
*Strawberry
*Chapman
*Apple
*Banana
*Mixed fruit
*Cocopina

✔SAVOURY FLAVORS
*Beef flavor
*Chicken flavor
*Tomato flavor
*Cheese flavor
*Seafood flavor
*BBQ flavor
*Roasted flavor
*Smoked fish flavor
*Suya flavor
*Peanut flavor
*Roasted Chicken flavor
*Sardine flavor
*Smoke flavor

✔MILK POWDER :
*Fat filled milk powder
*Skimmed milk powder
*Full cream powder
*Flavored milk powder
*Butter milk powder

✔ICE-CREAM, YOGHURT & DAIRY FLAVORS :
*Yogurt flavor
*Vanilla flavor
*Strawberry flavor
*Banana flavor
*Mixed Berry flavor
*Chocolate flavor
*Cherry flavor
*Mango flavor

✔SEASONINGS:
FOOD SEASONINGS
*Beef seasoning
*Chicken seasoning
*Tomato seasoning
*Cheese seasoning
*BBQ Seasoning
*Seafood seasoning
*Noddles seasoning
*Pasta seasoning
*Jollof seasoning

✔SPICES :
*Cinnamon powder
*Onion powder
*Ginger powder
*Garlic powder
*Paprika powder
*Nutmeg powder

✔FOOD INGREDIENTS :
*Fat Replacer (Handisol – 25)
*Sweetener

✅OTHERS :
*Real meat reaction pastes
*Vegemeat for sausage roll
*Spice flavor oil
*Liquid and oil soluble flavor
*Soup and gravy mixes
*Ice cream premix
*BBQ sauce
*Tomato /Pizza sauce etc.

At WufasAgronet , we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology training the teeming youthful population including teirary institutions graduates in Global Competitiveness and International Best practices in Food Processing technology.
Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com

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Food Security

SECURITY PATHWAYS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY OF A NATION.

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Good governance is predicated on ensuring the actualisation of the various security architecture of a Nation. The political barometer is also monitored through the efficiency of the security pathways which are :
INTERNAL SECURITY, INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION. , FOOD SECURITY, HEALTH ,EDUCATION, ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORTATION AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH.
.
All the above are the essential security systems that can produce and provide QUALITY POPULATION through good and quality SUPERVISION

✅NATIONAL Security of life and properties is the (numero uno) number one responsibility of the Head of government be it President, Head of state and others. The mandate to secure life and property is paramount , they control and command the apparatus of security such as adequate Policing, effective Armed forces- Army for protection against external or internal aggression. Customs / Immigration for vigilant boarders patrol to prevent smuggling and immigration control amongst many others . Equipping them with weapons, Aircrafts, Vehicles, Boats etc.
For effective surveillance. In tackling the menace of bandits and kidnappers who have taken over the forest prohibiting farming activities . Armed Forest Guards / Rangers should be introduced.

INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION.
The entire world is in information age.
The constitution clearly stipulate that every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, freedom to hold opinions and to receive as well as to impact ideas and information.
However, it is the opinion of this writer that freedom be guided with secured intent to prevent abuse that may result in conflicts and war through hateful and unguided utterances.
The most acceptable form of communication is such that promote humane, responsible and patriotic reportage upholding the concept of discipline and promoting values nationally and internationally.
A lot of opportunity mostly untapped abound for investment in Information and communication like Print, Electronic and ICT media.
For industrial growth, information through advertisement, publication and social media is vital for public awareness.

FOOD SECURITY
Whether one eat to live or live to eat is a matter of semantics the bottom – line is Food is the main sustainace of bodies and souls. The importance of food cannot be over emphasised . knowing this fact of life has made the developed world to appropriately plan for provision of quality food for their citizens. Provision of food is prioritize in their national agenda. It is on this note that the United Nation’s clarion call to others in the world to emulate the culture of Sustainable Food Security ensuring the Tripple A(s). of AVAILABILITY, ACCEPTABLITY and AFFORDABILITY. ( UN 2030 food security agenda) of good quality food for the underdeveloped countries who are import dependent on basic food items such as Rice, Sugar, Dairy , Beverages etc .
Presently, Nigeria is revolutionising agrioprenuerial activities, it’s hoped that the present policies on agriculture will not be Summersaulted. The Maputo declaration on allocation of minimum 10% of the country’s annual budget must go to agriculture. Food must be made a constitutional right for all. The authority must take time to support Micro and Small scale Agroprenuerails activities to adapt to climate change. Agroprenuerail activities is the surest way to lift hundreds of millions out of hunger, poverty, conflict and deaspiration.

HEALTH CARE
Health is wealth – Primary Health care delivery must be taken to the grassroot levels, while Rural Health care moblisation be made available and effective all must be well equipped with vaccines, drugs, consumables and other biologicals.
— Ensure maintenance of standard by private sector through effective monitoring.
— Tapping into Herbs Processing , local medical herbs be Researched into by National Institute of Pharmaceutical RnD. In Collaboration with Fed Mins. of Science and Technology.
— Integration of alternative medicine into health care.
— Health insurance scheme must be intensified on .
— Stemming of illegal importation of smuggled fake drugs and illegal drug manufacturing in the country.

EDUCATION
A Society, Community and Nation is as good as the percentage of her literary population. The various levels of education are Primary , Secondary and teriary education 6-3-3-4 .Education must attract appropriate budget at all time. Education is being administered by Public and Private participation at all levels. The special education must receive attention by provision of special equipment such as braille machine, audiometer etc.

ELECTRICITY
To the chagrin of the unsuspecting consumers and Contrary to claim of the generation companies that generation capacity has improved to 7000 MW , the actual has been fluctuating between 2500 -3500 MW.(April 2019)
The idea of mono grid must be jettison while the legislation be relaxed to accommodate Private participations in generation. While effort must be intensified on the Green Bond of #10.97bn raise in December 2018. for financing of SOLAR energy.
Industrial development is unachievable without steady supply of electricity. A green belt of
Industrial Parks on Green energy is recommended in all the States of federation.this will sustain industrial activities that will promote growth.

TRANSPORTATION
This sector is an indispensable catalyst for stimulating economic, social, political and strategic/defence development of a Nation. All the National Development plans must accord the transport sector very high priority. In the formulation of National Transport policy, there must be defined objectives such as economic efficiency and coordinated development plan.
All forms of transportation system are embraced in Nigeria. Motor ,Railway transportation, inland waterways, aviation terminal and handling facilities seaports, airports and riverports including other ancillary facilities.
The administration of Transportation is vested in both Fed. Ministry of Works and Housing (Fed. Highways – Interstate roads Construction and maintenance) and State Ministry of Works/Transport (interstate roads while LG is responsible for Urban and Rural roads Construction and maintenance.
Aviation Ministry for Civil Aviation, Airports Development Management and Metrological services.
Internationally, the railway system is more affordable and relatively saver the frequency in Nigeria must be upgraded not scanty show up as is now the case.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
The economic growth rate ( 2019) is 2.1% ,this development is not unconnected with the dismal performances of the various indices above. eg the manufacturing growth rate is presently less than 7% although the Fedreral government set a 10.6% goal in 2017.which was to be driven by SME. Productivity is the only stimulant for Industrial growth. Farming output is barely about 22% mostly subsistence. .about 55% of work force is absorbed by agriculture. The major farming communities in North East, Middle belt downwards to the southern section are being sacked either Boko Haram terrorist or Pasteuralist /Farmers conflicts and banditry.
The various activities as enumerated in this writeup are all depended on Food security system. FOOD SECURITY MUST BE IN THE FRONT BURNER TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS. IN OTHER SEGMENTS.

CONCLUSION
— FOOD Security issues must be in the front burner of government’s agenda. Since it encompasses all other activities.
— The effectiveness of other parasatal must be ensured through adequate supervision.
— TO PREVENT IMMINENT DANGER OF FAMINE. Forest Guards (armed) must be appropriately deployed to secure the large expanse of the forest for Farming activities.
— Indigenous Reserch and Development on local Technology be improved on.
— Electricity generation from Green Energy source should be encouraged in the Industrial parks.
— Food Security system must be made a CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT for all the citizenry.

At WUFAS AGR0Net, we are Competent and Reliable Food Processing Technologists ,into Human Capital Development Consultancy. Centering on ETHICS of Food Processing Technology. Training on industrial food processing (General Manufacturing Principles ) to the teeming youthful population, startups and other Food handlers. We are seeking Collaboration and Strategic partnership with corporate bodies, NGOs and others
Interested in Food Security.

Contact: 08157784430, 08034064270.

Emails wufasagronet @gmail.com

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