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Food Security

TOWARDS OPTION PLANS FOR 2040/50 GLOBAL EMBARGO ON CRUDE OIL MARKET AND THE EMERGING AFCFTA. —- (Update)

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……..@WufasAgronet, we dont know more than Food.

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RENEWABLE GREEN ENERGY
With effect from 2040 the EU -wide ban on fossil fuel (crude oil) will commence. All oil majors now have strategic plans to diversify their energy production mix such that 25% of their sales would be sourced from the renewables by 2025 and continually scale up to 100% by 2050. This was why USA aggressively sold off it’s own oil stock (West Texas Intermediate – WTI )at lower price $57.44/pb than Nigeria’s light crude ($70.94) as at March 2021 .
With the advent of COVID 19 crude oil prices slumped and sold at below $30 pb in 2020 .
This was why it’s no longer fashionable for OPEC’S quota cutting as every cut in quota is now being met by excess supply offered by USA. The world is going on green and renewable energy sources.


These narratives are becoming more evident by the introduction of electric cars into the market same goes for products of Artificial Intelligence (AI) , Robotics and divers disruptive Technologies amongst others. Many of the world biggest car makers (Telsa, Volvo etc ) are adopting Electric Vehicles (EVs) signalling that fossil fuels is no longer a priority thus collapsing the market. In 2020 EVs cars sales rose to 43%.about 3million – Tesla.
It is however shocking to note that as the world is moving away from crude oil , Nigeria is docile not showing any aggressive means for alternatives. Todate, “The Facility for Oil Sector Transformation ” (FOSTER ) Is yet to come up with any tangible agenda on Strategic Plan with the deadlines to stop CO2 emission target set by governments worldover . Especially with the advent of African Continental Free Trade Area — AFCFTA.
However, the Federal Government’s Economic Sustainability Plan ESP has included plans to provide 5 million homes with cleaner energy through it’s decentralised Solar power programme, meaning that an estimated 25million would have access to Solar power by 2023.creating about 250,000 jobs.
In October ’21 the VP was at Imperial College to dicuss the way forward.
From the various options plan ( by WUFAS AGR0Net ) The onus is predicated on the Nigeria Economic Policy Flagship ” The Economic Recovery Growth Plan. ” now Changed to “Five Year Development Plan” to thinker on. In doing this, ERGP needs to be massively and highly complimented with International industrial, commercial and productive capacity cooperation through engagement with partners in the developed climes by sharing their industrial and production experiences especially in the area of MSMSE in the sustainability of the Nigeria economy . .The huge population of over 211 million is a reservoir of skills and large market to support the desired expansion of the economy if properly annexed in terms of Human Capital Development (HCD) and good Leadership Disposition as demonstrated by successive government of Lagos State .

— LIKE A WISE GENERAL , NIGERIA MUST ANTICIPATE ALL EMERGENCIES BE ARMED AT ALL POINTS AND NEVER BE TAKEN BY SURPRISE IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC SURVIVAL OF THE COUNTRY —

— PLAN ‘A’
AGROPENUERAIL / FOOD PROCESSING.
Agriculture is the largest employer of labour about 55% mostly on subsistence level due to very low tractors density to effect aggressive Mechanisation for commercial farming. ( Nigeria is 132nd out of 188 countries — FAO/UN tractors evaluation) . With food sufficiency of about 22%, the current tempo in agricultural farming is unprecedented making Nigeria the highest producer of rice in Africa about 8MMT in 2019 surpassing Egypt. Even with border closures, we are self sufficient in rice production. As at December 2019 there were about 60 integrated Rice mills and still counting. – it’s an uncommon feat.
At the resurgence of Pyramids this time “RICE” in Kebbi State, Nigeria once again became a cynosure of the Food world cutting off the dominance of the Asians in rice production. ( Rice $12915/Cwt , International commodity market price ).
The CBN agricultural intervention in some south/south states is a well come idea same could be achieved if Food items such as Palm oil $2200pmt, Cocoa $2561pmt, and Wheat ($650.75 /bushel ) are giving similar attention as rice. -About 4.9mmt of wheat (70%) is imported yearly , 30% of which is sourced locally from 8 northern states of kano, Jigawa, Bauchi etc.
TOMATOES is another Food crop that can be developed and processed into commercial quantity, it is grown in the 3 ecological zones of Northern Nigeria. -The SAHEL, SUDAN and GUINEA SAVANA zones. About 8mmt (CBN 2017 ) is demanded annually while halve perish before use.
ONIONS is a very popular spices / ingredients in the kitchen. The average demand is 2.5mmt while only 1.4mmt is produced.
CASSAVA is another, the yield is about 8-11Mtonnes per hectare.the various Cassava derivatives that are imported are Ethanol 98%, Cassava flour 78%, High Quality Cassava Flour HQCF-98%, Sweetner 100% .
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY’S development into a modern and technological investment through the National Livestock Transformational Plan is crucial to open up the sector to the league of Dairy, Beef and Hide/Skin exporting countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, Netherlands etc. MILK – The derivatives are commercially viable eg cheese, Butter, Yoghurt, evaporated milk etc. All these are being 100% imported . Others to be considered are Fruits and vegetables, Food and Cash crops etc.
Capacity building in Food Processing Technology must be embraced to check Post HARVEST wastages. About 40% of Nigeria ‘s agricultural products are lost yearly due to Post HARVEST losses occasioned by insufficient infrastructures and lack of adequate knowledge in Food Processing Technology. eg poor storage facilities, not producing to International Best Practices. Market inefficiency and bottle neck in the value chain development all impacting negatively on national nutrition level also poor packaging and poor harvest handling, rather than the habitual importation Nigerians must imbibe the capability to provide and process food for her citizenry . Necessary infrastructure such as cold chain, policy to eliminate losses in food storages while the private sector need to collaborate with the Goverment to prevent hunger and malnutrition.

— PLAN ‘B’
THE EXTRACTIVES minerals – The industry is Capital intensive and not as regulated and organised as it’s counterpart in South Africa, Angola, Zambia etc where we have ‘De Beers’ with strong Jewish connection thriving In jewellery of Diamond and Gold same with Lev Leviev a (Russian Jew) he leads international consortium to world market from Russia.its worth knowing that Isreal is the capital of Diamond cutting in the world. All the above are just what Dangote is to Nigeria. If there is whatever we can learn from them why waiting?- the price of gold in international commodity market is $1,717.7/oz
Various types of minerals abound in Nigeria such as Iron &steel in Kogi, Gold ($1,717.7/oz) in Zamfara, Osun and other states . Tin in Plateau state, Coal in Enugu state, Uranium in Bauchi state, Marble in Oyo state, Gypsum in Kogi, Ogun, Imo states ,Calcite in Edo state, Dolomite in Delta.Others are Diamond, Aluminium etc. Nigeria is a really blessed nation. Natural gas in South /South – $2,634/mmBTU. etc.43

— PLAN ‘C’
ICT — The teledensity in Nigeria is about the highest in Africa but we are merely consumers importing over 90% of ICT products. India makes in excess of $40billion from ICT production annually.
As it were, there is next to nothing nations could do without ICT. Productions. Such as computers, iPhone, IoT and other appliances – I suggest tax holidays for local startups in this sector. – the world is in information age.
Telecommunication is critical to information dissemination, Nigeria had deployed various (Generational G) 2G, 3G and 4G. It’s hoped that the Minister of communication and Digital economy will soon deploy and allocate the 5G spectrum to various services.
The world is currently on the 5G (fifth generation of mobile technological advancement) with transmission at far higher frequency range than 4G. This feature implies transmission of greater quantum of energy (signal) per time hence heavy data eg. Images will download faster and will be transmitted at higher resolution. Simply 5G will be able to accommodate lager data than 4G.
The benefits will transform the world by connecting every thing with everybody creating millions of jobs adding billions of $ dollars to the economy GDP, it will solve insecurity and improve governance and efficiency in the society.
5G Technology provides the platform for new and emerging technologies such as Internet of things (IoT ), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data — all improving the way we work.
5G is the next step in the evolution of mankind that will enable all sort of communication capabilities including the interstellar / extraterrestrial stuff communication a possibility.
The 5G progeny Technologies will power space Technology from information age to space age.
The fears of ionizing radiation is unfounded as all mobile signal must fall within microwaves extreme end of radio waves which are non- ionizing radiation in effect, (as in Radio, Television ) not injurious to human bodies.
Unlike such as in X-rays and gamma rays (ionizing radiation ) which could be injurious to human bodies in higher frequencies. Ionizing radiation are not applicable for mobile telecommunications.
5G is available in countries such as USA , Germany, China, South Korea , Canada etc. Since 2019.

— PLAN ‘D’
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITIES –
To boost the manufacturing sector, Nigeria need to come up with the right economic policy. eg the ‘Asian Tigers’ come with Agriculture, Manufacturing and Finance as their economic policy . Singapore readily comes to mind here, it was a very small and poor country with racial tension, no natural resources but with good policy in Industry and Services today it is the 4th richest country in the world with 98% of her people educated. The issue of electric power generation comes in here and the exodus of major industrial players to neighbouring countries is still fresh at heart. Getting to know recently that Mambila hydroelectricity had been a white Elephant from past administrations is saddening it will be a legacy project for which ever administration that commisions it. Currently, the productivity range is about 7% while the targeted range is 10.5% while the growth engine is the SME powered by the teeming youthful population.
To really excell in industry Nigeria need to put in place the heavy industries (Iron and steel )the Ajaokuta Iron and steel should attract technological expertise to develop production of special steel and better casting methods for divers usages and source further Green bond issuance for adequate Green energy supply sources.

— PLAN ‘E’
INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE

  • The big players here are the Customs and (FIIRS) Federal Internally Revenue Generated .$17.4million in 2019 . Even at the Peak of non-Oil revenue generation plus Crude oil sales we keep borrowing more. Oil /Gas account for less than 10%of GDP.
    In 2018 Nigeria earned $32.62in Oil/Gas it represents 95% of export earnings and up to 60% government revenue. .

— PLAN ‘F’
R&D-INNOVATION/INVENTION.
The role of R&D cannot be over emphasis in the growth of any Nation especially in Agriculture, Medicine, Industrial productivity etc. Califonia a state in the USA is the 5th largest economy in the world , based on R&D- innovation and invention of Stanford University and University of Califonia patenting to Sillicon Valley, HOLLYWOOD, Agriculture and others.
The feat of R&D in Netherlands’ (population 17.4million ) Agricultural development is awesome . Netherlands a temperate country it grossed the 3rd highest international commodity sales in palm oil even Qatar out placed Nigeria while lndonasia and Malaysia came 1st and 2nd respectively all in 2017.
Animal husbandry export of Netherlands was over $25 billion.
Isreal (population 8million) a desert country supply the greens (fruits and vegetables ) to Europe and America regularly this feat is nothing but R&D Isreal also excell in cutting edge technology in all fields of endevour Military Armament , Medics, Agriculture etc .
From the findings of this writer – Nigeria youths especially in the various schools especially in JSS 3-SS are specialising in various scientific researches and innovational development such as solar power drones for surveylance, earth battery, ICT – (the Reginald Mundi secondary school – girls from Onitsha who won a world price in ICT in USA 2018 is still fresh at heart ). JSS students built a solar power tricycles in Lagos, Civil air plain by LASPOTEC and many more in my records – if all these are well coordinated by Ministry of Sc & Technology. It may launch Nigeria into the Post fossil fuels Greatness.

— PLAN ‘G’
MORE LOANSĺ

  • In 2019 the external loan was in excess of $25 billion while we are still looking for more from China and others how do we payback.

— PLAN ‘H’
TOURISM -Need aggressive development – Israel and Saudi Arabia readily comes to mind here.

— PLAN ‘I’
PETROCHEMICALS– In the post- World war 11 Japan ,development of technology was in a certain sequence, first the materials and basic industries, including steel and electricity, then electric machinery and finally the evolving assembly industries such as cars. Along the line new industries and products are quickly emerging such as chemical industries, Through foreign technology the petrochemicals evolved centering on imported crude oil cracking technology which led to production of Polyethylene and polystyrene as raw materials for synthetic fibres and plastics given birth to a host of new products from construction materials to household plastics containers. The time to start the petrochemical industries is now so that the industry will be well sustained before the eventual embargo.

— PLAN ‘J’
ENTERTAINMENT – This is a very big industry in the developed world contributing substantially into the revenue pool. Countries such as America, India etc have developed their entertainment sector . Stagings film festivals such as Cannes film festival in France (S/East Mediterranean ) established in September 20th 1946 — the highest award is called ” PALM DIOR”. Italy fim festival in Venice was established in 1932
HOLLYWOOD film festivals comes up through out the year in USA Califonia in particular. Government and Private initiatives must come up with Entertainment /film theatres. Motivating the industry participants with recognition such as FILM FESTIVAL Awards and facilities for advancement. Nigeria is ranked 3rd in the world in Film making after Hollywood, Bollywood is Nollywood.

— PLAN ‘K’
DIASPORA FUND
Money from kits and kins from outside the Country. Increasing the cash flow of the country.

— PLAN ‘L’
GENERATIONAL but ABDICATION OF RESPONSIBILITY
Since the 2050 date may look far away from now , the present generation may decide to be passive but the repercussions may be costlier. TOWARDS this, tangible efforts be put in place to lay a good foundation for the upcoming generation.
— M— One area of great economic importance is the adequate use of the maritime space . Nigeria must invest in the Shipping sector.It’s very lucrative.

— PLAN A–Z
SECURITY!!! SECURITY !!!!! SECURITY. !!!!!!!
The most critical and paramount is the security of lifes and properties absence of which is inimical to existence .The Nigeria state is currently under siege of criminals such as Insurgency, Kiddnappings, Banditry, Cattles rustling, Gunmen, Robberies, and others. However, the authorities in charge are up and on top of the game.

CONCLUSION
■- Leadership that will put Nigeria in a pride of place in Africa With the emergence of AFCFTA (Africa Continental Free Trade Areas )
— Aggressive commercial /mechanised organic farming in various Food and Cash crops to provide Availability which will enhance Acceptability and Affordability ( The Tripple ‘A’ ). of Food to the citizenry.
— If the plunge in Crude oil sales occasioned by COVID -19 could bite very hard. (as at March 2020 the international commodity price of Nigeria Light crude oil was about $20 pb.from $58.98 in Feb. ) one can imagine what total embargo will be like.- Crude oil sales makes up 60% of government revenue – for Capital and recurrent expenses.
— A formidable Road Map must be formulated for the coming generations
— Human Capital Development in FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY is vital and the program be made accessible to the teeming youthful and graduate population.
–The GDP is dwindling by the day from 4.2% in 2017 to 1.9% in 2020. ( It should be noted that Oil and Gas account for less than 10%of GDP. In 2018 Nigeria earned $32.62bn in Oil/Gas . )
—-Insecurity in different parts of the country the Boko Haram in the North East, Farmers and the Pasteurist conflict , danditry, kidnapping and other vices.

GOD BLESS NIGERIA.

At WUFAS AGR0Net we are Competent and Reliable Food Processing Technologists into Human Capital Development Consultancy in Food Processing Technology. Bridging the educational gap in attaining Global Competitiveness and International Best Practices for the startups, the teeming youthful unemployed graduates and other Food handlers. We’re tested and proofened in Food Security Agenda for the UN 2030.
At various times the Principal Partner was :
— Factory Mgr NIYAMCO Bacita kw.state, (ETHANOL DISTILLATION)
— BREWMASTER NORTH BREWERY LIMITED KANO.
— PRODUCTION MGR 7up Bottling CO PLC .
—- TECH SALES MGR (CCP ) CADBURY PLC.
—– GEN MGR LISTER FLOUR MILLS IBADAN.
—- PLANT MGR, PRIME DISTILLERY SANGO-OTTA.
—- PRESIDENT WUFASON FOODS.
Contact us : 08034064270, 08157784430. Fb: WUFAS AGRONET .

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Food Security

SECURITY PATHWAYS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY OF A NATION.

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Good governance is predicated on ensuring the actualisation of the various security architecture of a Nation. The political barometer is also monitored through the efficiency of the security pathways which are :
INTERNAL SECURITY, INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION. , FOOD SECURITY, HEALTH ,EDUCATION, ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORTATION AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH.
.
All the above are the essential security systems that can produce and provide QUALITY POPULATION through good and quality SUPERVISION

✅NATIONAL Security of life and properties is the (numero uno) number one responsibility of the Head of government be it President, Head of state and others. The mandate to secure life and property is paramount , they control and command the apparatus of security such as adequate Policing, effective Armed forces- Army for protection against external or internal aggression. Customs / Immigration for vigilant boarders patrol to prevent smuggling and immigration control amongst many others . Equipping them with weapons, Aircrafts, Vehicles, Boats etc.
For effective surveillance. In tackling the menace of bandits and kidnappers who have taken over the forest prohibiting farming activities . Armed Forest Guards / Rangers should be introduced.

INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION.
The entire world is in information age.
The constitution clearly stipulate that every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, freedom to hold opinions and to receive as well as to impact ideas and information.
However, it is the opinion of this writer that freedom be guided with secured intent to prevent abuse that may result in conflicts and war through hateful and unguided utterances.
The most acceptable form of communication is such that promote humane, responsible and patriotic reportage upholding the concept of discipline and promoting values nationally and internationally.
A lot of opportunity mostly untapped abound for investment in Information and communication like Print, Electronic and ICT media.
For industrial growth, information through advertisement, publication and social media is vital for public awareness.

FOOD SECURITY
Whether one eat to live or live to eat is a matter of semantics the bottom – line is Food is the main sustainace of bodies and souls. The importance of food cannot be over emphasised . knowing this fact of life has made the developed world to appropriately plan for provision of quality food for their citizens. Provision of food is prioritize in their national agenda. It is on this note that the United Nation’s clarion call to others in the world to emulate the culture of Sustainable Food Security ensuring the Tripple A(s). of AVAILABILITY, ACCEPTABLITY and AFFORDABILITY. ( UN 2030 food security agenda) of good quality food for the underdeveloped countries who are import dependent on basic food items such as Rice, Sugar, Dairy , Beverages etc .
Presently, Nigeria is revolutionising agrioprenuerial activities, it’s hoped that the present policies on agriculture will not be Summersaulted. The Maputo declaration on allocation of minimum 10% of the country’s annual budget must go to agriculture. Food must be made a constitutional right for all. The authority must take time to support Micro and Small scale Agroprenuerails activities to adapt to climate change. Agroprenuerail activities is the surest way to lift hundreds of millions out of hunger, poverty, conflict and deaspiration.

HEALTH CARE
Health is wealth – Primary Health care delivery must be taken to the grassroot levels, while Rural Health care moblisation be made available and effective all must be well equipped with vaccines, drugs, consumables and other biologicals.
— Ensure maintenance of standard by private sector through effective monitoring.
— Tapping into Herbs Processing , local medical herbs be Researched into by National Institute of Pharmaceutical RnD. In Collaboration with Fed Mins. of Science and Technology.
— Integration of alternative medicine into health care.
— Health insurance scheme must be intensified on .
— Stemming of illegal importation of smuggled fake drugs and illegal drug manufacturing in the country.

EDUCATION
A Society, Community and Nation is as good as the percentage of her literary population. The various levels of education are Primary , Secondary and teriary education 6-3-3-4 .Education must attract appropriate budget at all time. Education is being administered by Public and Private participation at all levels. The special education must receive attention by provision of special equipment such as braille machine, audiometer etc.

ELECTRICITY
To the chagrin of the unsuspecting consumers and Contrary to claim of the generation companies that generation capacity has improved to 7000 MW , the actual has been fluctuating between 2500 -3500 MW.(April 2019)
The idea of mono grid must be jettison while the legislation be relaxed to accommodate Private participations in generation. While effort must be intensified on the Green Bond of #10.97bn raise in December 2018. for financing of SOLAR energy.
Industrial development is unachievable without steady supply of electricity. A green belt of
Industrial Parks on Green energy is recommended in all the States of federation.this will sustain industrial activities that will promote growth.

TRANSPORTATION
This sector is an indispensable catalyst for stimulating economic, social, political and strategic/defence development of a Nation. All the National Development plans must accord the transport sector very high priority. In the formulation of National Transport policy, there must be defined objectives such as economic efficiency and coordinated development plan.
All forms of transportation system are embraced in Nigeria. Motor ,Railway transportation, inland waterways, aviation terminal and handling facilities seaports, airports and riverports including other ancillary facilities.
The administration of Transportation is vested in both Fed. Ministry of Works and Housing (Fed. Highways – Interstate roads Construction and maintenance) and State Ministry of Works/Transport (interstate roads while LG is responsible for Urban and Rural roads Construction and maintenance.
Aviation Ministry for Civil Aviation, Airports Development Management and Metrological services.
Internationally, the railway system is more affordable and relatively saver the frequency in Nigeria must be upgraded not scanty show up as is now the case.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
The economic growth rate ( 2019) is 2.1% ,this development is not unconnected with the dismal performances of the various indices above. eg the manufacturing growth rate is presently less than 7% although the Fedreral government set a 10.6% goal in 2017.which was to be driven by SME. Productivity is the only stimulant for Industrial growth. Farming output is barely about 22% mostly subsistence. .about 55% of work force is absorbed by agriculture. The major farming communities in North East, Middle belt downwards to the southern section are being sacked either Boko Haram terrorist or Pasteuralist /Farmers conflicts and banditry.
The various activities as enumerated in this writeup are all depended on Food security system. FOOD SECURITY MUST BE IN THE FRONT BURNER TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS. IN OTHER SEGMENTS.

CONCLUSION
— FOOD Security issues must be in the front burner of government’s agenda. Since it encompasses all other activities.
— The effectiveness of other parasatal must be ensured through adequate supervision.
— TO PREVENT IMMINENT DANGER OF FAMINE. Forest Guards (armed) must be appropriately deployed to secure the large expanse of the forest for Farming activities.
— Indigenous Reserch and Development on local Technology be improved on.
— Electricity generation from Green Energy source should be encouraged in the Industrial parks.
— Food Security system must be made a CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT for all the citizenry.

At WUFAS AGR0Net, we are Competent and Reliable Food Processing Technologists ,into Human Capital Development Consultancy. Centering on ETHICS of Food Processing Technology. Training on industrial food processing (General Manufacturing Principles ) to the teeming youthful population, startups and other Food handlers. We are seeking Collaboration and Strategic partnership with corporate bodies, NGOs and others
Interested in Food Security.

Contact: 08157784430, 08034064270.

Emails wufasagronet @gmail.com

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Food Security

BIO-ETHANOL DISTILLATION PROCESS.(using molasses)

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✅—– by (WUFAS AGR0Net fmr. Factory Mgr.Nig. Yeast & Alcohol Manu.co.Ltd. (NIYAMCO).
Ethanol Distillation plant Bacita kw.state )

ALCOHOLS .
Portable Ethanol production using molasses is a product of (anaerobic ) fermentation , the process brings about multiplicity of products such as Methanol, Ethanol(C6H5OH ), Butanol, Penthanol and other higher Alcohols. Distillation is a process of specificity each of the Alcohols have their flash or boiling points at which they’re separated in the distillation column.

MOLASSES PREPARATION .
Molasses is a very viscose syrup a waste product of crystalline sugar from sugar manufacturing plant. It consist of about 80% sucrose and other metallic ions eg ferrous, calcium, magnesium, Mercury etc. with caramelised sugars.
At the plant the viscose molasses is charged into a large mixing vat with enough water to bring down the viscosity to the desired ( brix) or density usually from about 40deg.brix to 14deg brix. Then heat is applied to about 80 deg.cent. while agitation continues. the solution is treated with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and Urea an ammonium salt. While the acid form the sulphate salt of the metallic ions and precipitate the ammonia serves as nutrients for the yeast during fermentation. At the desired density the solution is transferred into the fermenter through plate heat exchanger that cools the molasses solution to ambient temperature. While simultaneously the solution is pitched with yeast from the cold yeast vat.

CASSAVA is another potent source of Ethanol fermentation by degradation of the polysaccharide into simple sugars. — Comprehensive details in our journal.

FERMENTATION
The fermenter is of stainless steel and double jacketed. (For temperature control ). Fermentation is left for about 8-10hr till the density comes down to ( 6 + or -2 )
The yeast is then purged via the centrifuge back to the cold storage awaiting the next operation. While the fermented wort goes to the wort Buffer Stock tank ready for distillation.

YEAST .
The Yeast is propagated by BUDDING process. While the yeast room is kept clean at very low temperature.

QUALITY CONTROL
The quantity of alochol in the fermented wort can be determined prior to distillation in the laboratory as would be explained the journals.

DISTILLATION
Distillation is the separation of components of a solution based on their volatilities. (Dalton’s law)
The material for distillation is charged into the batch or continuous column equipped with the followings :
— Overhead vapour line.
— A condenser
— A condensate receiver
— Gravity separators
— Steam is admitted through perforated pipe at the bottom.
The performance of the plate column is based on Material balance, Energy balance and Phase equilibrium .
Hence Total Material .Balance is represented by the equation
F=D+B
F— Feed
D— separated vapour
B—-Bottom product.

Factors influencing plate efficiency for satisfactory separation are:
— Adequate operation of the plate.
— Adequate and intimate contact between vapour and liquid is very essential.
–Avoid excessive foaming or entrainment.
— Avoid poor vapour distribution.
— Avoid short circuiting or weeping.
— Avoid liquid dumping.
All these lower plate efficiency. Plate efficiency is a function of Mass transfer between liquid and vapour.
At 80deg.cent boiling point of Ethanol it will separate out and the condensate cooled and sent to the stock tank given Potable Ethanol of about 97%. While the higher Alcohols Methanol, Butanol, Penthanol etc are received in another stock tank these combination is called Industrial Alcohols. Used as solvent industrially.

The above is a brief elucidation of the distillation process which is frothy with illustrative linearity equations. For further interest contact us for full details.

At WUFAS AGRONET, WE ARE COMPETENT AND RELIABLE FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGISTS INTO HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANCY IN FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY PROMOTING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES IN FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY .WE SEEK COLLABORATION AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STAKE HOLDERS IN FOOD SECURITY SUCH AS WORLD BANK, USAID, NGOS. IN training the teeming youthful population in productive ventures of Food Processing Technology.

Contact : 08034064270, 08157784430.

Email, wufasagronet@gmail.com

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Food Security

FOOD SECURITY AND IT’S ATTENDANT GLOBAL CRISIS – WORLD BANK GROUP REPORT.

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✅ The World bank had given analytical database information on Food Insecurity.
✅Food Insecurity cannot be localized to the leadership of any country.

….. @WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy.

The latest Food Security Update is now available here: http://wrld.bg/NZ9C50UsKBg
Uh
Highlights:

➡Domestic food price inflation remains high in many low- and middle-income countries. Inflation higher than 5% is experienced in 68.8% of low-income countries, 46.7% of lower-middle-income countries, 33% of upper-middle-income countries, and 10.9% of high-income countries.

➡ Since the last Update on November 15, the agricultural, export, and cereal price indices closed 12, 25, and 1 percent higher, respectively. A sharp increase in cocoa and coffee prices drove the increase in the export price index.

➡In the Market Monitor for December 2024, the Agriculture Market Information System notes that global wheat, maize, rice, and soybean prices are lower than in 2023. This reflects a relatively stable global market for the current marketing season, although uncertainties linger.

➡In the November 2024 edition of its biannual Food Outlook, FAO indicates that global food production is experiencing diverse trends across commodities. Declines are projected for wheat, maize, and sugar, whereas outputs of dairy, fisheries, meats, oilseeds, and rice are expected to grow.

➡According to the WFP’s 2025 Global Outlook, an estimated 343 million people are acutely food insecure across 74 countries where WFP operates—10% more than in 2023.The latest Food Security Update is now available here: http://wrld.bg/NZ9C50UsKBg

Highlights:

➡Domestic food price inflation remains high in many low- and middle-income countries. Inflation higher than 5% is experienced in 68.8% of low-income countries, 46.7% of lower-middle-income countries, 33% of upper-middle-income countries, and 10.9% of high-income countries.

➡ Since the last Update on November 15, the agricultural, export, and cereal price indices closed 12, 25, and 1 percent higher, respectively. A sharp increase in cocoa and coffee prices drove the increase in the export price index.

➡In the Market Monitor for December 2024, the Agriculture Market Information System notes that global wheat, maize, rice, and soybean prices are lower than in 2023. This reflects a relatively stable global market for the current marketing season, although uncertainties linger.

➡In the November 2024 edition of its biannual Food Outlook, FAO indicates that global food production is experiencing diverse trends across commodities. Declines are projected for wheat, maize, and sugar, whereas outputs of dairy, fisheries, meats, oilseeds, and rice are expected to grow.

➡According to the WFP’s 2025 Global Outlook, an estimated 343 million people are acutely food insecure across 74 countries where WFP operates—10% more than in 2023.

AT WUFASAGRONET, We aren’t the author of the above we are only making the report available to the grassroots.

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