Food Security
SALINITY IN NIGERIA SOILS. (Semi Arid zone)
■– Nigeria soils in general are non-saline to moderately saline with moderate PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS ……
…..@ WUFAS AGRONET, we don’t know more than Food.
( We earned “FAO” Top Fan barge ).
SALINITY STATUS OF THE NIGERIA ECOLOGICAL ZONES
The Nigeria’s ecological zones are divided into about seven : The SAHEL SAVANNA , SUDAN SAVANNA ,GUINEA SAVANNA, RAIN FOREST, FTESHWATER SWAMP FOREST, MANGROVE SWAMP FOREST, MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND. ( Mountain Grassland is situated in the manbilla area of Taraba state. Middle belt zone ) .
The natural phenomenon that affects the soil are climatic change , increase in atmospheric temperature ( Evaporation ) , rise in the sea level etc.
The potential threats of salinity to food security calls for aggressive action to mitigate its effects on food production.
Salinization is a process by which water soluble salts accumulates in soil and this is a concern because excess salts hinders the growth of crops by limiting their ability to takeup water. As salinity increases, soil productivity decreases because the roots of plants looses moisture and nutrients back to the soil.
Salinity is a major threat to the permanence of irrigated Agriculture.
Nigeria soils in general are non – saline to moderately saline with moderate PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS such as pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable ions. ( Na*) in the soil profile.
- THE SAHEL savanna zone susceptibility to salinity and alkalinity especially towards the south of Lake Chad area are very low.
- THE SUDAN savanna zone salinity are found in the irrigated scheme soil mostly.
- THE GUINEA savanna zone only shows salinity in few places. Most commonly crops of massive comparative advantage of these zones are the grammenacea (cereals ) , fruits and vegetables.
The average rainfall varies from 45 – 75cm for a period of 3 months which afford considerable leaching of salt beyond the root zones especially on lands of reasonably good subsoil permeability, under conditions of insufficient precipitation, permanent agriculture depends on water management so that excessive salt do not accumulate in the root zone. With insufficient rainfall to satisfy evapotranspiration the plant must depend on drawing from water table for part of their water supply .
Other contributory factors to salt buildup in the root zone especially in irrigated agriculture is the extraction of water by plant root thereby leaving a more concentrated solution. Usage of poor quality water for irrigation causes accumulation of salt in the soil. Others could be evaporation of water conducted to the surface from deeper layers lead to deposition of soluble salt in the surface layers , this occurs in the Arid or Semi Arid climates because of intense evaporation conditions, Also, repeated cycle of irrigation and extraction will lead to gradual salt buildup.
The various Government has intensified efforts to prevent soil salinization to ensure hygienic growth of agricultural products across the states.
With irrigation in place, the question is whether sufficient supplemental water is applied to provide the required leaching and wether the drainage network (natural or man made) has enough capacity to remove the saltiness of the water. To prevent salination, a net downward flux of water is mandatory. The water flux at any depth and the solute concentration depends on the difference between the irrigation rate and the extraction rate.
To mitigate soil salinization the farmers can be advised to apply the drip line irrigation system which requires minimum water usage as water is dropped directly to the root zone where it is required by the plants. Also, to minimise the buildup of salts, application of water in excess of evapotrapiration will be necessary to leach out the soluble salts from the root zone.
The use of organic manure must be emphasised in place of synthetic fertiliser where necessary.
Effects of soil management and cropping practices on salinization and alkalinization are closely related to water management, quality and use and to climatic and other natural factors.
For prognosis of salinity and alkalinity, factors having a long duration effect are land levelling, fallowing and crop rotation. Parameters such as depth of soil, depth of water, quality of ground water, drainage, atmospheric demand and tolerance of crops to salinity and alkalinity are important for investigations.
Irrigation frequency and quantity of irrigation water are very important under both low and high ground water table conditions to maintain the salt balance in the soil to optimum level, for crop growth under Sudan savanna zone. Crops that thrive most in these ecological zones are mostly the grammenacea (Cereals ), Legumes, fruits and vegetables.
■ To mitigate salinity from the root zone thereby preventing water absorption by the root drip line irrigation is recommended while organic fertiliser is preferred to synthetic fertiliser, the extension workers should play their educative roles to the farmers.
At WUFAS AGRONET, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists. Into Human Capital Development in Food Processing Technology , enhancing Global Competitiveness and International Best Practices for the teeming youthful population, Unemployed and under employed graduates creating DECENT jobs in the thematic areas of Nutrition.
Contact us @ www.wufasagronet.com , 08157784430. Email : wufasagronet@gmail.com, Fb WUFAS AGRONET.
www.wufasagronet.com
…… @WufasAgronet, we are Food Security (processing) Advocates.
✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK, WORLD Economic Forum, IFAD, IDA, IMF, UNSDG, UN, USAID, UNICEF, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN Newspapers, Today Reporters, Ripples News, AIT Online etc TopFan Barges.
✅Member NAAJ, PAAJ, IFAJ AND AFAN.
✅Consultancy Services in Human Capital and Value Chain Development in Food Processing technology.
-Antioxidants
Cashews are rich in carotenoids and Polyphenols antioxidants that helps reduce inflammation and offers protection from disease.
-Low Sugar
Cashews are low in sugar which helps reduce the risk for serious diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes, Lung disease, Heart disease, Liver disease, fatty buildup and enhances weight loss.
-Rich in Fibers
Fibers are very important to normalize bowel movement, also increases weight and size of stool thereby improving transit.
-Plant Protein
Cashews contain phytonutrients and quicker muscle repair property. Plant proteins have been linked to a lower risk of stroke heart disease
-Essential micro-nutrients
Cashew kernels are a good source of copper, magnesium and Manganese (nutrients for energy production, brain health, immunity and bone health
).
-Reduce cholesterol
Too much cholesterol in the body cause plaque buildup in arteries which can lead to atherosclerosis (cardiovascular disease).
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology training the teeming youthful population including tertiary institutions graduates in Global Competitiveness and International Best practices in Food Processing technology. Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com
www.wufasagronet.com
…. @WufasAgronet we are Food Security (processing) Advocates
✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK, IFAD, IDA, IMF, UN, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN Newspapers, Today Reporters, Ripples News, AIT Online etc TopFan Barges.
✅Member NAAJ, PAAJ, IFAJ AND AFAN.
✅Consultancy Services in Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology.
✔️At WufasAgronet, we provide adequate cooling effects on milk production and other perishables to support the Livestock Ministry through our competent INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP with foreign experts.
TYPES OF COLD CHAINS
-SHOCK FREEZERS
Shock Freezers are professional equipment that controls temperature necessary for keeping products fresh for a long time.
While preserving the products the equipment makes to keep undamaged nutritional value of the products after being defrosted. The equipment is made to consists of Double Stage Semi Hermatic compressors. The Shock freezers system allows to lower the temperature very rapidly up to -180°C degrees. Freezing is provided by air coolers of it by blowing over fronted surface of the wagon. This enables to freeze down quickly in cold air flow. The room air should not exceed 35°/-40.°C. Besides, it’s proven to be a low-waste and environment friendly system.
COLDSTORAGE
This system is manufactured and installed with the entire components like it is ready to use. It could be of mobile device.
This system can be disassembled so it can be moved to other places.
Cold storage consist of the following levels and types of preserving:
-Cold-rooms 🙁 +16° / +5°C)
-Cold storage Rooms (+5°/-5°C)
-Freezing Rooms : (-18°/-23°C)
-Shock freezer :(-35°/-40°C) .
DEEPFREEZE ROOMS.
These are for preserving products such as meat, poultry etc. For a long time. They are preserved under temperatures not exceeding – 18°/-23°C. In order to isolate these rooms 150mm width sandwich panels are used.
COLD ROOMS
Cold rooms are used to keep baked goods, chocolates etc.
The cold rooms prevent bacteria from growing. Low ventilation allows workers to work without endangering their health which is very important aspect too.
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology training the teeming youthful population including tertiary institutions graduates in Global Competitiveness and International Best practices in Food Processing technology. Contact, email wufasagronet@gmail.com
FOOD SECURITY
NATURAL COLORS IN FOOD
www.wufasagronet.com
…. @WUFASAGRONET, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists.
✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK, IFAD, IDA, IMF, UNSDG, UN, USAID, UNICEF, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN NEWSPAPERS, AIT Online, Today Reporters, Ripples News etc TopFan Barges.
✅Member NAAJ, PAAJ, IFAJ AND AFAN.
✅Consultancy Services in Human Capital and Value Chain Development in Food Processing technology.
FOOD COLORS
Natural colors are available in powder, Gel paste and liquid forms with oil soluble (OS) and water soluble (ws).
USAGE –
In Beverages, Bakery(bread, cakes etc), Dairy (Yogurt, ice cream, flavor milk etc) and Confectionery (candy, jelly etc ).
COLORS/NAME /LIQUID /DOSAGE (%)
-Pink to baby pink / Carmine, E120-liquid. – 0.1
-Wine / Radish red, E163 (viii) /liquid -0.1
-Purple / Carmine cohineal, E120, Gardenia blue /liquid -0.1
-Yellow /Gardenia yellow, E164/ liquid -0.1
-Brown /Caramel color E150D-liquid-0.05-0.2
-Dark brown /Caramel color E150D/ powder -0.1
-Light Brown / Caramel color E150A-powder-0.1
-Green /chlorophyll in copper sodium salt E141(ii) – liquid -0.1
-Lime green /Carthamins yellow, Gardenia blue E165 – liquid -0.1
-Red Velvet / Carmine cohineal, E120 – powder -0.3-0.5
-Lemon yellow / Natural carotene E160A (ii-powder )-0.1
✅Each of the above have Product code…….. on request
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology training the teeming youthful population including teirary institutions graduates in Global Competitiveness and International Best practices in Food Processing technology. Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com
-
Environmental2 years agoOPINION: AN ACCESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S PERFORMANCE IN THE OPTICS OF THE UN 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AGENDA 2030. ( Periodic quaterly review & update — ( September ’22)
-
Food Security2 years agoREALITIES OF LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED AGROPRENUERAIL FARMING AND FOOD PROCESSING BUSINESS IN NIGERIA. (Update)
-
Food Security3 years agoEXCITING FACTS ABOUT RANCHING
-
Food Security2 years agoTOP SEVEN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES WITH HUGE UNTAPPED POTENTIALs – update
-
Food Security3 years agoMITIGATING THE MENACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH GREENBOND ISSUANCE.
-
Food Security3 years agoFISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
-
Food Security3 years agoTHE IMPENDING GLOBAL FAMINE FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE WORLD INSTITUTIONAL LEADERS.
-
Food Security3 years agoTHE ROLE OF E -COMMERCE IN SYNERGISING AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFCTA IS SINE QUA-NON.