Food Security
CONSOLIDATION OF FISH FARMING IN NIGERIA
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THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT of Nigeria’s imputs in Agriculture and Aquaculture in particular is one of the most critical of the multiple engines engaged in diversifying the economy and create jobs and prosperity for the youths
In December 2017, Nigeria through the Vice President hosted the 10th conference of Ministers and the tenth anniversary of the “Fisheries Committee For the West Central Gulf of Guinea” ( FCWC ). at Transcorp Hilton Hotel Abuja – annual conference. The theme of the conference was INVESTING FOR GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR FISHERIES IN WEST AFRICA. the conference was important for sharing experiences and laying out aspirations for the wellbeing of the people.
The aim and the Objective of the regional body included the strengthening of subregional cooperation in fisheries management , monitoring, Surveillance, enforcement operation and development of capacity of Small scale fishing operation in member countries to create sustainable likelihood. All the six member countries also need to deepen strategic cooperation to harness the enormous fishing potential in the Gulf of Guinea for the benefit of the people . It was stressed that the Secretariat of the FCWC should priorities the speedy sharing of informations between member states in order to more effectively checkmate the activities of the foreign vessels fishing illegally within our territorial waters.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
The National economic growth is dependent on the small scale fishing operators and very germane to be over looked. Most of the National economy thrives largely on combined energy of multitude of individual entrepreneurs and small businesses eg farmers, fishermen, artisans, traders etc .hence, the polices and programmes of government must therefore be directed towards supporting the aspirations and ambitions of these small scale but big energy entrepreneurs.
LAKE CHAD FISHING
In the North East, the desertification has caused a lot of shrinkage to the volume of waters while the activities of the Boko Haram terrorists have devastated a fishing industry that has historically supplied much of West Africa . To further salvage the fishing activities , Lake Chad Naval base was established to boost security and fast track the restoration of the deprived livelihoods in the zone.
FUNDING — The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) said it is prepared and willing to assist the growth of fishery sector in Nigeria if there are willing Anchors ” Off takers ” that will takeup the farmed fish from farmers. Fish farming in Nigeria is yet another huge commercial potential avenue awaiting exploitation.
Efforts made at reducing fish importation and increase Local fish production by encouraging aquaculture is on from 450,000mt to 1.1mmt in 2020.
There are about 264 dams in Nigeria, also blessed with extensive costal and brackish ( salty ) water while Inland rivers and lakes are enormous but all these are grossly under utilised, many dams were built for multipurpose usages such as for Water supply, Fishing , Hydro electricity and Ecosystem.
There are quite a large number of fish farmers in Nigeria, Lagos and it’s environment in particular but no undertakers a situation limiting CBN participation in the industry.
Predominantly the aquaculture in Nigeria is for Cat fish and Tilapia. Currently , the EUROPEAN Union had placed a ban on Nigeria fish. To export fish it has to conform to Standard and quality in terms of Chemical used during the breeding process and packaging. However Norwegian do patronise Nigeria fish but not in a way Nigeria do import from Norwegian.
Annually, Nigeria import about 900,000 Mt of Fish while annual consumption is about 1.5MMT . (Dir. Water Supply and Public Partnership FMin.of Water resources ).
● NIMASA – ( Nig. Maritime Administration and Safety Agency). Claimed that fishing sector is currently underfunded given rise to illegal fishing activities on the nations coastal and territorial waters . The inherent nature of Illegal Unregulated and Unreported (IUU ) fishing makes it impossible to accurately quantify the full global economic impact of these illegal activities which violate both national and international fishing regulations.
In July ’22, representatives of Artisan Fisherman Association of Nigeria ( AFAN ) Victims of the Shell Bonga oil spill of 2011 caĺed on the President to prevail on the multinational oil giant yo put an end tp put an end to the environmental degradation an Pollution in Niget Delta ( Ondo, Edo, Bayelsa, Rivers and AkwaIbom ).

Also of global concern is the threat of the Ocean ecosystems and Sustainable fishing loosing diverse species of fish . The overall GDP contribution from fishing ( Small scale and Industrial ) was 0.84% in 2019 and 1.09% in 2020. The House of Representatives claimed looses of about $70million yearly to illegal fishing through loss of Licence Fees and Taxation — this had been on for years.
■ At WUFAS AGRONET, we appeal to Federal Authorities to provide the Fisheries Department patrol vessels in collaboration with the Nigeria Navy to manage and use for search and rescue operational capacity , deter illegal fishing, prevent illegal unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. There is a great deal of opportunities in Nigeria aquaculture industry , the size of the domestic market and status as a gateway to West Africa together constitutes a compelling business case.
Different types of fishing methods abound. The MOBILE GALVANISED TARPAULIN PONDS shall be discussed.
CATFISH FARMING
–ARTIFICIAL GARDEN POND
–POND FEATURES
–MOBILE GALVANISED TARPAULIN PONDS. (See graphics below)
–POND SIZE – Length x cm,Breath y cm Heigth z cm. Can contain about 2000- 2500 fish each while the water flow shall be “Flow-through” system for oxygen enhancement and to prevent acidic formation due to excretion from the fish.
— Borehole for constant water supply. With Regulated pH 7.
— Driven by submissive water pump.
— Drainage pipes from each pond into a drainage chamber into community effluent.
- Feed meals shall be a composite of Artificial compounded Fish mode of feeding in the natural ecosystem shown below.
— FARM SIZE — 40′ ×20′ (feet) behind or in front of main building.
CAT FISH SPECIES (Claridae )
— Are Omnivores feed both on plants and animals matters they are otherwise called “Detritivores” feeding on algea , vegetables, insects and fish eg Claridae, Mormydae, Aletea Sp mectrokids, synodectae
FOOD ORGANISM AND FEEDING HABIT OF FISH IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS.
Some organism originate from ecosystem itself and others outside it.
AUTOCHLTONOUS — These are Food items that originate from the ecosystem eg .Plankton community and Benthic (occurring at the bottom or dept of the body of water or ocean ).Plankton – phytoplankton and zooplankton.
BENTHIC – are mud associated microorganisms these include the decomposed, small insect grutaceans and plant communities such as platen kins and algea, submerged or floating plant bodies.
Epilitithic community — algea associated with microorganisms.
NEWSTEM — Surface living eg Surface insects and larvae, fisheggs larvae juveniles and other organic bodies close to the water body — animal matters, insects, Arachnids, worms washed into water body.
OTHER MODE OF FEEDING OF FISHES are :
HERBIVORES – Feed mostly on plants and vegetables matters eg Tilapia, Clupeide, pellenular, ethinala finibriate. In fresh water ecosystem .
PREDATOR – Fish feeding on fish of their likes ( Pisciveres, ) and those that feed on animals (non- Piscivores )Hepsetus – Africa piks.
CARNIVORES.
The most popular Cat Fish species are Claris gerapinons or Hybrid.
Claris G. grow faster in 3months while the Hybrid growth could be very massive at 2months plus.
REPRODUCTION OF FINGERLINGS
— Reproduction is a process whereby organisms replicate themselves. It’s mainly by sexual methods in fish,this leads to a genetic variation and hybrid of new species.
■– In the instance of commercial Cat fish farming, reproduction is by Artificial insemination .
●– A TYPICAL FEED MEAL NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION
include :
- Soybeans meal
- Fine fish oil
- Meat and Bone meal
- Poultry bye products meal
- Hydrolysed feathers
- Wheat flour,
- Wheat and Rice bran
- Corn fine grind
- Cassava meal, antioxidant
- Mould inhibitor
- Antimicotoxin
- Minerals and growth promoter.
All these are compounded and mold/pelletised by machine
into dried chips of 2mm, 3mm and 4.5mm the juvenile are started with 2mm and increase size of pellets with age ..
CONCLUSION
■ To improve Fish farming in the Costal brackish waters the concerned stakeholders Federal and State governments should encourage ” THE ARTISANAL AND IN-SHORE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS” and provide mechanised fishing boats, Fishing gear, improved handling, Storage and Processing facilities and transport.
- The various Fishing Terminals should be expanded for aggressive fish farming.
- To improve on the shortfall of Fish FINGERLINGS more fish production centres should be established in different parts of the country. Both public and private.
- Private and individuals should be encouraged to take up fishing gardening at homes and communities.
At WUFAS AGR0Net we are Competent and Reliable Food Processing Technologists into Human Capital Development Consultancy in Food Processing Technology enhancing Global Competitiveness and International Best Practices for the teeming youthful population, unemployed graduates, propreneurs and other Food handlers. Through our Entrepreneurial Education Demonstrative Seminars in FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. We assist in the establishment of MSMSE in agroprenuerial activities. Contact us today @ 08034064270, 08157784430. Fb page WUFAS AGRONET. Email wufasagronet@gmail.com www.wufasagronet.com
Food Security
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD DETERGENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD DETERGENT
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….. @WufasAgronet, we are Food Security (processing) Advocates.
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✅Consultancy Services in Human Capital and Value Chain Development in Food Processing technology.
DETERGENTS used for washing in industries should have the following characteristics.
-Ability to loosen organic matters eg. Soil etc. (organic dissolving power)
-Good rinsing power.
-Adequate wetting power to allow detergent to penetrate the deposit acting quickly and efficiently.
-Good sequestering power – removal of mineral deposits eg. Calcium, magnesium.
-Emulsifying power – fragmenting oil into tiny particles.
-Adequate germicidal power to sterilized dirty detergent solutions.
-Ability to dissolve alkali solutions precipitate of calcium and magnesium salt.
-It should not be corrosive.
-It should posses good buffering and saponifying powers.
The above characters may not be contained in a single detergent but if blended with others rich in some of the characters, a good result may be achieved.
MAJOR SOURCES OF DETERGENTS.
{Alkalis} – Caustic soda is the basic ingredient of detergent however,
there could be addition of other additives to give a property to the detergent. Other basic ingredients are Soda ash, Sodium silicate and others as seen above.
SEQUESTERING AGENT.
This is the action of polyphosphate in precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts in water creating additional wetting agent and polyphosphate to assist sequestration this would constitute most effective and economical clean-in-place detergent for brewing cleanings.
WETTING AGENT.
Known generally as synthetic detergent, Wetting agents are classified into 3 major types :An-ionic and Cat-ionic wetting agents.
The An-ionc type is commonly used for detergent formulation eg. Sulphated alcohols alkyl or aryl sulphonates. Non-ionic are mostly the polyethylonic oxide. On blending of both an ionic and catonic the result may be excessive foaming. It also processes good wetting, dispersing and rinsing power.
STERILISING AGENT.
Alkalis porcess sterilizing power, which increases with pH and temperature.
At WufasAgronet, we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing. Contact us email :wufasagronet@gmail.comPls go through the earlier sent documents.
Food Security
SEASONINGS. FLAVORS. FOOD INGREDIENTS.
✔Contact us @WufasAgronet for wide range of integrated flavors and seasonings, we are Manufacturers’ Representative.
…. @WufasAgronet we are Food Security (Processing) Advocates.
✅Earned FAO, WFP, WORLD BANK Group, UNSDGS, ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS, BBC NEWS, JAGABAN ARMY, PUNCH NEWSPAPERS, GUARDIAN Newspapers, Today Reporters, Ripples News, etc TopFan Barges.
✅Member NAAJ, PAAJ, IFAJ & AFAN.
✅CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN HUMAN CAPITAL AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING.
✔FLAVORS
BAKERY & PASTRY FLAVORS
*Vanilla flavor
*Condensed milk flavor
*Butter scotch flavor
*Enzyme chocolate flavor
*Enzyme butter flour
*Milk flavor
*Coconut flavor
✔ CONFECTIONERY & CANDY FLAVORS
*Strawberry flavor
*Chocolate flavor
*Orange flavor
*Butter vanilla flavor
*Banana flavor
*Mango flavor
*Lemon flavor
*Milk flavor
*Vanilla flavor
*Apple flavor
*Mixed berry flavor
*Coconut flavor
*Caramel flavor
*Honeydew flavor
*Condensed milk flavor
*Peanut flavor
*Cheese flavor
✔BEVERAGE FLAVORS
*Apple flavor
*Coconut flavor
*Caramel flavor
*Mango flavor
*Lemon flavor
*Banana flavor
*Pineapple Flavor
*Orange flavor *Strawberry flavor
*Natural Ginger flavor
*Malta flavor
*Grape flavor
*Raspberry flavor
✔ENCAPSULATED FLAVORS
*Strawberry flavor
*Raspberry flavor
*Mixed Berry flavor
*Orange flavor
*Apple flavor
*Banana flavor
✔BEVERAGES (CONCENTRATES, COMPOUNDS, BASES AND EMULSIONS) :
*Pineapple
*Lemon
*Ginger
*Cola
*Black currant
*Orange
*Strawberry
*Chapman
*Apple
*Banana
*Mixed fruit
*Cocopina
✔SAVOURY FLAVORS
*Beef flavor
*Chicken flavor
*Tomato flavor
*Cheese flavor
*Seafood flavor
*BBQ flavor
*Roasted flavor
*Smoked fish flavor
*Suya flavor
*Peanut flavor
*Roasted Chicken flavor
*Sardine flavor
*Smoke flavor
✔MILK POWDER :
*Fat filled milk powder
*Skimmed milk powder
*Full cream powder
*Flavored milk powder
*Butter milk powder
✔ICE-CREAM, YOGHURT & DAIRY FLAVORS :
*Yogurt flavor
*Vanilla flavor
*Strawberry flavor
*Banana flavor
*Mixed Berry flavor
*Chocolate flavor
*Cherry flavor
*Mango flavor
✔SEASONINGS:
FOOD SEASONINGS
*Beef seasoning
*Chicken seasoning
*Tomato seasoning
*Cheese seasoning
*BBQ Seasoning
*Seafood seasoning
*Noddles seasoning
*Pasta seasoning
*Jollof seasoning
✔SPICES :
*Cinnamon powder
*Onion powder
*Ginger powder
*Garlic powder
*Paprika powder
*Nutmeg powder
✔FOOD INGREDIENTS :
*Fat Replacer (Handisol – 25)
*Sweetener
✅OTHERS :
*Real meat reaction pastes
*Vegemeat for sausage roll
*Spice flavor oil
*Liquid and oil soluble flavor
*Soup and gravy mixes
*Ice cream premix
*BBQ sauce
*Tomato /Pizza sauce etc.
At WufasAgronet , we are competent and reliable Food Technologists into Human Capital and Value Chain Development Consultancy in Food Processing technology training the teeming youthful population including teirary institutions graduates in Global Competitiveness and International Best practices in Food Processing technology.
Contact email wufasagronet@gmail.com
Food Security
SECURITY PATHWAYS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY OF A NATION.
Good governance is predicated on ensuring the actualisation of the various security architecture of a Nation. The political barometer is also monitored through the efficiency of the security pathways which are :
INTERNAL SECURITY, INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION. , FOOD SECURITY, HEALTH ,EDUCATION, ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORTATION AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH.
.
All the above are the essential security systems that can produce and provide QUALITY POPULATION through good and quality SUPERVISION
✅NATIONAL Security of life and properties is the (numero uno) number one responsibility of the Head of government be it President, Head of state and others. The mandate to secure life and property is paramount , they control and command the apparatus of security such as adequate Policing, effective Armed forces- Army for protection against external or internal aggression. Customs / Immigration for vigilant boarders patrol to prevent smuggling and immigration control amongst many others . Equipping them with weapons, Aircrafts, Vehicles, Boats etc.
For effective surveillance. In tackling the menace of bandits and kidnappers who have taken over the forest prohibiting farming activities . Armed Forest Guards / Rangers should be introduced.
INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION.
The entire world is in information age.
The constitution clearly stipulate that every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, freedom to hold opinions and to receive as well as to impact ideas and information.
However, it is the opinion of this writer that freedom be guided with secured intent to prevent abuse that may result in conflicts and war through hateful and unguided utterances.
The most acceptable form of communication is such that promote humane, responsible and patriotic reportage upholding the concept of discipline and promoting values nationally and internationally.
A lot of opportunity mostly untapped abound for investment in Information and communication like Print, Electronic and ICT media.
For industrial growth, information through advertisement, publication and social media is vital for public awareness.
FOOD SECURITY
Whether one eat to live or live to eat is a matter of semantics the bottom – line is Food is the main sustainace of bodies and souls. The importance of food cannot be over emphasised . knowing this fact of life has made the developed world to appropriately plan for provision of quality food for their citizens. Provision of food is prioritize in their national agenda. It is on this note that the United Nation’s clarion call to others in the world to emulate the culture of Sustainable Food Security ensuring the Tripple A(s). of AVAILABILITY, ACCEPTABLITY and AFFORDABILITY. ( UN 2030 food security agenda) of good quality food for the underdeveloped countries who are import dependent on basic food items such as Rice, Sugar, Dairy , Beverages etc .
Presently, Nigeria is revolutionising agrioprenuerial activities, it’s hoped that the present policies on agriculture will not be Summersaulted. The Maputo declaration on allocation of minimum 10% of the country’s annual budget must go to agriculture. Food must be made a constitutional right for all. The authority must take time to support Micro and Small scale Agroprenuerails activities to adapt to climate change. Agroprenuerail activities is the surest way to lift hundreds of millions out of hunger, poverty, conflict and deaspiration.
HEALTH CARE
Health is wealth – Primary Health care delivery must be taken to the grassroot levels, while Rural Health care moblisation be made available and effective all must be well equipped with vaccines, drugs, consumables and other biologicals.
— Ensure maintenance of standard by private sector through effective monitoring.
— Tapping into Herbs Processing , local medical herbs be Researched into by National Institute of Pharmaceutical RnD. In Collaboration with Fed Mins. of Science and Technology.
— Integration of alternative medicine into health care.
— Health insurance scheme must be intensified on .
— Stemming of illegal importation of smuggled fake drugs and illegal drug manufacturing in the country.
EDUCATION
A Society, Community and Nation is as good as the percentage of her literary population. The various levels of education are Primary , Secondary and teriary education 6-3-3-4 .Education must attract appropriate budget at all time. Education is being administered by Public and Private participation at all levels. The special education must receive attention by provision of special equipment such as braille machine, audiometer etc.
ELECTRICITY
To the chagrin of the unsuspecting consumers and Contrary to claim of the generation companies that generation capacity has improved to 7000 MW , the actual has been fluctuating between 2500 -3500 MW.(April 2019)
The idea of mono grid must be jettison while the legislation be relaxed to accommodate Private participations in generation. While effort must be intensified on the Green Bond of #10.97bn raise in December 2018. for financing of SOLAR energy.
Industrial development is unachievable without steady supply of electricity. A green belt of
Industrial Parks on Green energy is recommended in all the States of federation.this will sustain industrial activities that will promote growth.
TRANSPORTATION
This sector is an indispensable catalyst for stimulating economic, social, political and strategic/defence development of a Nation. All the National Development plans must accord the transport sector very high priority. In the formulation of National Transport policy, there must be defined objectives such as economic efficiency and coordinated development plan.
All forms of transportation system are embraced in Nigeria. Motor ,Railway transportation, inland waterways, aviation terminal and handling facilities seaports, airports and riverports including other ancillary facilities.
The administration of Transportation is vested in both Fed. Ministry of Works and Housing (Fed. Highways – Interstate roads Construction and maintenance) and State Ministry of Works/Transport (interstate roads while LG is responsible for Urban and Rural roads Construction and maintenance.
Aviation Ministry for Civil Aviation, Airports Development Management and Metrological services.
Internationally, the railway system is more affordable and relatively saver the frequency in Nigeria must be upgraded not scanty show up as is now the case.
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
The economic growth rate ( 2019) is 2.1% ,this development is not unconnected with the dismal performances of the various indices above. eg the manufacturing growth rate is presently less than 7% although the Fedreral government set a 10.6% goal in 2017.which was to be driven by SME. Productivity is the only stimulant for Industrial growth. Farming output is barely about 22% mostly subsistence. .about 55% of work force is absorbed by agriculture. The major farming communities in North East, Middle belt downwards to the southern section are being sacked either Boko Haram terrorist or Pasteuralist /Farmers conflicts and banditry.
The various activities as enumerated in this writeup are all depended on Food security system. FOOD SECURITY MUST BE IN THE FRONT BURNER TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS. IN OTHER SEGMENTS.
CONCLUSION
— FOOD Security issues must be in the front burner of government’s agenda. Since it encompasses all other activities.
— The effectiveness of other parasatal must be ensured through adequate supervision.
— TO PREVENT IMMINENT DANGER OF FAMINE. Forest Guards (armed) must be appropriately deployed to secure the large expanse of the forest for Farming activities.
— Indigenous Reserch and Development on local Technology be improved on.
— Electricity generation from Green Energy source should be encouraged in the Industrial parks.
— Food Security system must be made a CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT for all the citizenry.
At WUFAS AGR0Net, we are Competent and Reliable Food Processing Technologists ,into Human Capital Development Consultancy. Centering on ETHICS of Food Processing Technology. Training on industrial food processing (General Manufacturing Principles ) to the teeming youthful population, startups and other Food handlers. We are seeking Collaboration and Strategic partnership with corporate bodies, NGOs and others
Interested in Food Security.
Contact: 08157784430, 08034064270.
Emails wufasagronet @gmail.com
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